He aha i noho ai ngā motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu hei motuka taraiwa matua?

He aha i noho ai ngā motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu hei motuka taraiwa matua?

Ka taea e te mōtini hiko te huri i te pūngao hiko hei pūngao miihini, me te whakawhiti i te pūngao miihini ki ngā wira mā te pūnaha tuku hei taraiwa i te waka. Ko tētahi o ngā pūnaha taraiwa matua o ngā waka hiko hou. I tēnei wā, ko ngā mōtini taraiwa e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā waka hiko hou ko ngā mōtini tukutahi aukume tuturu me ngā mōtini tukutahi AC kore. Ko te nuinga o ngā waka hiko hou e whakamahi ana i ngā mōtini tukutahi aukume tuturu. Ko ngā kamupene waka māngai ko BYD, Li Auto, me ētahi atu. Ko ētahi waka e whakamahi ana i ngā mōtini tukutahi AC kore. Ko ngā mōtini hiko e tohu ana i ngā kamupene waka pēnei i a Tesla me Mercedes-Benz.

Ko te motuka kore-whakawhitiwhiti he mea hanga i te stator tūmau me te rotor hurihuri. Ina honoa te takai stator ki te pūtake hiko AC, ka hurihuri te rotor ka whakaputa hiko. Ko te kaupapa matua ko te wā e whakakahangia ana te takai stator (iahiko hurihuri), ka hangaia he mara hiko hurihuri, ā, ko te takai rotor he ara iahiko kati e tapahi tonu ana i ngā raina aukume aukume o te stator i roto i te mara aukume hurihuri o te stator. E ai ki te ture a Faraday, ina tapahia e te ara iahiko kati te raina aukume aukume, ka puta he iahiko, ā, ka puta he mara hiko i te iahiko. I tēnei wā, e rua ngā mara hiko: ko tētahi ko te mara hiko stator e hono ana ki te iahiko hurihuri o waho, ā, ko tētahi ka puta mā te tapahi i te raina aukume hiko stator. Mara hiko rotor. E ai ki te ture a Lenz, ka ātete tonu te iahiko whakaoho i te take o te iahiko whakaoho, arā, ngana ki te aukati i ngā ara iahiko i runga i te rotor mai i te tapahi i ngā raina aukume aukume o te mara aukume hurihuri o te stator. Ko te hua: ka "hopu" ngā kaiārahi o te rotor i te pūhiko o te stator. Ko te tikanga o te mara hiko hurihuri ka whaia e te rotor te mara aukume hurihuri o te stator, ā, ka tīmata te hurihanga o te motuka. I roto i te tukanga, kāore i te ōrite te tere hurihanga o te rotor (n2) me te tere hurihanga o te stator (n1) (tata ki te 2-6%) te rerekētanga tere. Nō reira, ka kiia he motuka AC kore-tukutahi. Engari, ki te rite te tere hurihanga, ka kiia he motuka tukutahi.

Ko te mōta tukutahi aukume tuturu he momo mōta AC anō hoki. He mea hanga tōna rotor ki te maitai me ngā aukume tuturu. Ina mahi te mōta, ka whakakahangia te stator hei whakaputa i tētahi papa aukume hurihuri hei pana i te rotor kia hurihuri. Ko te tikanga o te "Tukutahi" ko te hurihanga o te rotor i te wā e mahi ana i te āhua pumau ka tukutahi ki te tere hurihuri o te papa aukume. He nui ake te ōwehenga mana-ki-taumaha o ngā mōta tukutahi aukume tuturu, he iti ake te rahi, he mama ake te taumaha, he nui ake te taipana putanga, ā, he pai rawa te tere rohe me te mahi aukati. Nō reira, kua noho ngā mōta tukutahi aukume tuturu hei waka hiko e whakamahia whānuitia ana i ēnei rā. Heoi, ina pāngia te rauemi aukume tuturu e te wiri, te pāmahana teitei me te iahiko taumaha, ka heke pea tōna urunga aukume, ka puta rānei te tango aukume, ka whakaiti pea i te mahi a te mōta aukume tuturu. Hei tāpiri, ka whakamahia e ngā mōta tukutahi aukume tuturu whenua onge ngā rauemi whenua onge, ā, kāore i te pumau te utu hanga.

Ki te whakaritea ki ngā motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu, me mimiti te pūngao hiko o ngā motuka kore tukutahi hei whakaoho i te wā e mahi ana, ka pau te pūngao hiko, ka whakaiti hoki i te pai o te motuka. He nui ake te utu o ngā motuka aukume tuturu nā te tāpiri o ngā aukume tuturu.

Ko ngā tauira e whiriwhiri ana i ngā motuka AC asynchronous ka aro nui ki te mahi, ā, ka whakamahia te putanga mahi me ngā painga whai hua o ngā motuka AC asynchronous i ngā tere teitei. Ko te tauira matua ko te Tauira S o mua. Ngā āhuatanga matua: Ina tere te motuka, ka taea e ia te pupuri i te tere teitei me te whakamahi pai i te hiko, ka whakaiti i te whakapaunga hiko me te pupuri i te putanga mana mōrahi;

Ko ngā tauira e whiriwhiri ana i ngā motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu ka aro nui ki te whakapaunga pūngao me te whakamahi i te putanga mahi me te mahi whai hua o ngā motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu i ngā tere iti, e pai ai mō ngā waka iti me ngā waka rahi-waenga. Ko ōna āhuatanga ko te iti o te rahi, te mama, me te roa o te ora o te pākahiko. I te wa ano, he pai te mahi whakahaere tere, ā, ka taea te pupuri i te pai o te mahi ina tūtaki ki ngā tīmatanga, ngā mutu, ngā whakaterenga me ngā whakahekenga auau.

Ko ngā motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu te mea nui rawa atu. E ai ki ngā tatauranga mai i te "New Energy Vehicle Chain Monthly Database" i tukuna e te Advanced Industry Research Institute (GGII), ko te kaha tāuta ā-rohe o ngā motuka taraiwa waka pūngao hou mai i Hānuere ki Ākuhata 2022 he tata ki te 3.478 miriona waeine, he pikinga tau-ki-te-tau o te 101%. I roto i ēnei, ko te kaha tāuta o ngā motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu he 3.329 miriona waeine, he pikinga tau-ki-te-tau o te 106%; ko te kaha tāuta o ngā motuka kore tukutahi AC he 1.295 miriona waeine, he pikinga tau-ki-te-tau o te 22%.

Kua noho ko ngā mōta tukutahi aukume tuturu hei mōta taraiwa matua i roto i te mākete waka pāhihi hiko parakore.

Mai i te whiriwhiringa o ngā motuka mō ngā tauira matua i te kāinga me tāwāhi, ko ngā waka pūngao hou i whakarewahia e SAIC Motor ā-rohe, Geely Automobile, Guangzhou Automobile, BAIC Motor, Denza Motors, me ētahi atu, e whakamahi ana i ngā motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu. Ko ngā motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana i Haina. Tuatahi, nā te mea he pai te mahi tere-iti o ngā motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu me te pai o te huringa, he tino pai mō ngā āhuatanga mahi uaua me te tīmatanga me te mutu pinepine i roto i ngā waka o te tāone. Tuarua, nā te mea he aukume tuturu neodymium rino boron i roto i ngā motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu. Me whakamahi ngā rauemi whenua onge mō ngā rauemi, ā, e 70% o ngā rauemi whenua onge o te ao kei tōku whenua, ā, ko te putanga katoa o ngā rauemi aukume NdFeB e tae ana ki te 80% o te ao, nō reira he nui ake te hiahia o Haina ki te whakamahi i ngā motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu.

Ka whakamahia e ngā kamupene Tesla me BMW o tāwāhi ngā motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu me ngā motuka tukutahi AC hei whakawhanake tahi. Mai i te tirohanga o te hanganga tono, ko te motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu te whiringa matua mō ngā waka hiko hou.

Ko te utu mō ngā rauemi aukume tuturu e pā ana ki te 30% o te utu mō ngā motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu. Ko ngā rauemi mata mō te hanga motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu ko te nuinga o te boron rino neodymium, ngā pepa maitai silicon, te parahi me te konumohe. I roto i ēnei, ko te rauemi aukume tuturu neodymium rino boron e whakamahia ana hei hanga aukume tuturu rotor, ā, ko te hanganga utu he tata ki te 30%; ko ngā pepa maitai silicon e whakamahia ana hei hanga ritenga. Ko te hanganga utu mō te matua rotor he tata ki te 20%; ko te hanganga utu mō te takai stator he tata ki te 15%; ko te hanganga utu mō te rakau motuka he tata ki te 5%; ā, ko te hanganga utu mō te anga motuka he tata ki te 15%.

He aha aingā motuka aukume tuturu OSG me te pēhi hau tīwirihe pai ake te whai hua?

Ko te motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu he mea hanga nui mai i ngā wāhanga stator, rotor me te anga. Pērā i ngā motuka AC noa, he hanganga whakakikoruatia te matua stator hei whakaiti i te ngaronga rino nā te au hurihuri me ngā pānga hysteresis i te wā e oma ana te motuka; he hanganga ōrite-toru-wāhanga hoki ngā takai, engari he rerekē te kōwhiringa tawhā. He maha ngā āhua o te wāhanga rotor, tae atu ki te rotor aukume tuturu me te whare tīwharawhara tīmatanga, me te rotor aukume tuturu parakore kua whakauruhia, kua whakairihia rānei ki te mata. Ka taea te hanga i te matua rotor hei hanganga totoka, hei hanganga whakakikoruatia rānei. He rauemi aukume tuturu kei te rotor, e kiia nei ko te aukume.

I raro i te mahi noa o te motuka aukume tuturu, kei roto ngā papa aukume o te rotor me te stator i te āhua tukutahi. Kāore he iahiko whakaoho i roto i te wāhanga rotor, ā, kāore he ngaronga parahi o te rotor, he hysteresis, he ngaronga iahiko hurihuri rānei. Kāore he take ki te whakaaro ki te raruraru o te ngaronga me te whakamahana o te rotor. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakakahangia te motuka aukume tuturu e te kaitahuri auau motuhake, ā, he mahi tīmatanga ngohengohe tōna. Hei tāpiri, he motuka tukutahi te motuka aukume tuturu, he āhuatanga tōna ki te whakarerekē i te tauwehe mana mā te kaha o te whakaoho, kia taea ai te hoahoa i te tauwehe mana ki tētahi uara kua tohua.

Mai i te tirohanga tīmatanga, nā te mea ka tīmatahia te motuka aukume tuturu e te pūtake hiko auau rerekē, e te kaitahuri tautoko rānei, he tino māmā te tukanga tīmatanga o te motuka aukume tuturu; he rite ki te tīmatanga o te motuka auau rerekē, ā, ka karohia ngā hapa tīmatanga o ngā motuka kore-tukutahi whare herehere noa.

I roto i te poto, ka taea e te whai huatanga me te tauwehenga mana o ngā motuka aukume tuturu te eke ki te tino teitei, he tino māmā te hanganga, ā, kua tino wera te mākete i ngā tau tekau kua pahure ake nei.

Heoi, ko te ngaronga o te korenga o te whakaoho he raruraru e kore e taea te karo i roto i ngā motuka aukume tuturu. Ina nui rawa te ia, ina teitei rawa rānei te pāmahana, ka piki tonu te pāmahana o ngā takai motuka, ka piki tere te ia, ā, ka tere te ngaro o te whakaoho o ngā aukume tuturu. I roto i te mana whakahaere motuka aukume tuturu, ka whakatakotoria he taputapu tiaki iahiko nui hei karo i te raru o te wera o te takai stator motuka, engari ko te ngaronga o te whakaoho me te kati o ngā taputapu ka puta he mea e kore e taea te karo.