He aha ngā taputapu pūtake hau? He aha ngā taputapu kei reira?

He aha ngā taputapu pūtake hau? He aha ngā taputapu kei reira?

Ko te taputapu pūtake hau ko te taputapu whakaputa hau kōpeke - te pūwero hau (pūwero hau). He maha ngā momo pūwero hau, ko ngā mea e kitea whānuitia ana ko te momo piston, te momo centrifugal, te momo screw, te momo reti reti, te momo scroll me ētahi atu.
He nui ngā poke o te hau kōpeke e puta mai ana i te pūwero hau, pērā i te makuku, te hinu me te puehu. Me whakamahi ngā taputapu purenga hei tango tika i ēnei poke kia kore ai e pā kino ki te mahi noa o te pūnaha hau.

Ko ngā taputapu purenga pūtake hau he kupu whānui mō ngā taputapu me ngā taputapu maha. E kiia ana hoki ngā taputapu purenga pūtake hau he taputapu tukatuka-muri i roto i te umanga, e pā ana ki ngā tāke rokiroki hau, ngā whakamaroke, ngā tātari, me ētahi atu.
● tāke hau
Ko te mahi a te tāke rokiroki hau he whakakore i te pēhanga, he whakawhirinaki ki te whānui adiabatic me te whakamatao taiao hei whakaiti i te pāmahana, hei wehe atu i te makuku me te hinu i roto i te hau kōpeke, me te penapena i tētahi nui o te hau. I tētahi taha, ka taea e ia te whakamama i te whakahē he nui ake te hau e pau ana i te rahinga hau e puta mai ana i te compressor hau i roto i te wā poto. I tētahi atu taha, ka taea e ia te pupuri i te tuku hau mo te wā poto ina pakaru te compressor hau, ina motuhia rānei te hiko, kia pai ai te haumaru o ngā taputapu hau.

●whakamaroke hau

Ko te whakamaroke hau kōpeke, e ai ki te ingoa, he momo taputapu tango wai mō te hau kōpeke. E rua ngā whakamaroke tio e whakamahia whānuitia ana, arā, ko ngā whakamaroke adsorption, me ngā whakamaroke deliquescent me ngā whakamaroke polymer membrane. Ko te whakamaroke pouaka whakamātao te taputapu whakamaroke hau kōpeke e whakamahia whānuitia ana, ā, e whakamahia ana i ngā wā e hiahiatia ana te kounga whānui o te puna hau. Ka whakamahia e te whakamaroke pouaka whakamātao te āhuatanga e whakatauhia ana te pēhanga wāhanga o te mamaoa wai i roto i te hau kōpeke e te pāmahana o te hau kōpeke hei mahi whakamatao, whakamaroke me te whakamaroke. Ko ngā whakamaroke hau kōpeke e kiia ana ko ngā "whakamaroke pouaka whakamātao" i roto i te umanga. Ko tana mahi matua ko te whakaiti i te ihirangi wai i roto i te hau kōpeke, arā, ko te whakaiti i te "mahana tomairangi" o te hau kōpeke. I roto i te pūnaha hau kōpeke ahumahi whānui, ko tētahi o ngā taputapu e tika ana mō te whakamaroke me te purenga o te hau kōpeke (e mōhiotia ana ko te tukatuka muri).

1 te mātāpono taketake

Ka taea e te hau kōpeke te whakatutuki i te kaupapa o te tango i te mamaoa wai mā te pēhanga, te whakamatao, te mimiti me ētahi atu tikanga. Ko te whakamaroke tio te tikanga whakamatao. E mōhio ana tātou kei roto i te hau kōpeketia e te kōpeketia hau he maha ngā hau me te mamaoa wai, nō reira he hau makuku. Ko te nui o te makuku o te hau makuku he rite tonu ki te pēhanga, arā, ko te teitei ake o te pēhanga, ko te iti iho o te makuku. I muri i te whakanui ake i te pēhanga hau, ka whakapūmau te mamaoa wai i te hau i tua atu i te nui e taea ana hei wai (arā, ka iti ake te rahinga o te hau kōpeketia, ā, kāore e taea te pupuri i te mamaoa wai taketake).

Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ka iti ake te makuku i te hau i hongia tuatahitia (e pā ana tēnei ki te hokinga o tēnei wāhanga o te hau kōpeke ki tōna āhua kāore anō kia kōpeketia).

Heoi, ko te putanga o te pūwero hau he hau pēhi tonu, ā, ko te nui o te kohu wai kei te taumata teitei rawa atu, arā, kei roto i te āhua tino nui o te hau me te wai. Ko te hau pēhi i tēnei wā ka kiia he āhua kua mākū, nō reira, i te mea he iti noa te pēhanga, ka huri tonu te kohu wai mai i te āhua hau ki te āhua wai, arā, ka whakakōpikopikohia te wai.

Ki te mea he hautai mākū te hau kua mimiti i te wai, ko tōna makuku te wai kua mimitia. Mēnā ka pēhia te wai i roto i te hautai mā te kaha, ka iti haere te makuku o te hautai. Mēnā ka tukua te hautai kia ora anō, ka maroke ake i te hautai taketake. Ka tutuki hoki i tēnei te kaupapa o te tango i te wai me te whakamaroke mā te pēhanga.
Ki te kore he kaha anō e toe i muri i te taenga ki tētahi kaha i te wā e pēhia ana te hautai, ka mutu te pēhia o te wai ki waho, arā, te āhua mākū. Me whakanui tonu te kaha o te pēhi, ā, kei te rere tonu te wai ki waho.

Nō reira, ko te mahi a te tinana o te pēhi hau he tango i te wai, ā, ko te tikanga he pēhi, engari ehara tēnei i te kaupapa o te pēhi hau, engari he kawenga "kino".

He aha te take kāore te "whakapūngao" e whakamahia hei huarahi tango wai mai i te hau kōpeke? Ko te take nui o tēnei ko te penapena, arā, te whakanui ake i te pēhanga mā te 1 kg. He tino koretake te whakapau i te 7% o te pūngao e pau ana.

He iti noa te utu mō te whakamaroke wai "whakamatao", ā, ka whakamahia e te whakamaroke pouaka whakamātao te kaupapa kotahi me te whakamaroke i te hauhautanga hei whakatutuki i te whāinga. Nā te mea he rohe te mātotoru o te kohu wai kua mātotoru, i roto i te pēhanga hau (awhe 2MPa), ka taea te whakaaro ko te mātotoru o te kohu wai i roto i te hau kua mātotoru ka whakawhirinaki noa ki te pāmahana, ā, kāore he pānga ki te pēhanga hau.

Ka teitei ake te pāmahana, ka nui ake te mātotoru o te mamaoa wai i te hau mākū, ā, ka nui ake te wai. Engari, ka iti iho te pāmahana, ka iti iho te wai (ka taea tēnei te mārama mai i te whakaaro noa o te ao, he maroke, he makariri te takurua, he wera, he makuku te raumati).

Whakamataohia te hau kōpeke ki te pāmahana iti rawa hei whakaiti i te mātotoru o te mamaoa wai kei roto, hei hanga hoki i te "haupūtanga", kohia ngā pata wai iti i hangaia e te haupūtanga ka tukuna atu, kia tutuki ai te kaupapa o te tango i te makuku i roto i te hau kōpeke.

Nā te mea kei roto ko te tukanga o te whakatōtō me te whakatōtō ki roto i te wai, kāore e taea te pāmahana kia iti iho i te "ira tio", ki te kore, kāore e taea e te āhuatanga tio te mimiti i te wai. Ko te "ira pehanga tomairangi" o te whakamaroke tio he 2~10°C te nuinga.

Hei tauira, ko te "ira tomairangi pēhanga" i te 10°C o te 0.7MPa ka hurihia hei "ira tomairangi pēhanga hauhautanga" ki te -16°C. Ka taea te mārama ina whakamahia i roto i te taiao kāore i raro iho i te -16°C, kāore he wai wai ina tukuna te hau kōpeke ki te hauhautanga.

He maroke noa iho ngā tikanga tango wai katoa o te hau kōpeke, ā, ka tutuki i tētahi taumata maroke. Kāore e taea te tango katoa i te makuku, ā, he tino koretake te whai i te maroke ki tua atu i ngā whakaritenga whakamahinga.
2 te mātāpono mahi

Ka whakamatao te whakamaroke hau kōpeke i te hau kōpeke hei whakakōpikopiko i te mamaoa wai i roto i te hau kōpeke hei pata wai, kia tutuki ai te kaupapa o te whakaiti i te ihirangi makuku o te hau kōpeke.
Ka tukuna ngā pata wai kua whakakōkīhia mai i te mīhini mā te pūnaha waikeri aunoa. Mēnā kāore te pāmahana o te paipa i te putanga o te whakamaroke i raro iho i te pāmahana tomairangi i te putanga o te mīhini whakakōkī, e kore e puta he haukū tuarua.

3 te rerema mahi

Te tukanga hau kōpeke:
Ka tomo te hau kōpeke ki te whakawhiti wera hau (preheater) [1], ka whakaiti i te pāmahana o te hau kōpeke pāmahana teitei, kātahi ka tomo ki te whakawhiti wera Freon/hau (evaporator) [2], ka tere te whakamatao o te hau kōpeke, ka tino heke te pāmahana ki te pāmahana tomairangi, ā, ka wehea te wai wai kua wehea me te hau kōpeke i roto i te wehewehe wai [3], ā, ka tukuna te wai kua wehea i waho o te mīhini e te taputapu whakaheke wai aunoa.

Ka whakawhiti wera te hau kōpeke me te hau whakamatao pāmahana-iti i roto i te evaporator [2]. I tēnei wā, he tino iti te pāmahana o te hau kōpeke, tata rite ki te pāmahana tomairangi o te 2~10°C. Mena kāore he whakaritenga motuhake (arā, kāore he whakaritenga pāmahana-iti mō te hau kōpeke), ko te tikanga ka hoki te hau kōpeke ki te whakawhiti wera hau (preheater) [1] hei whakawhiti wera ki te hau kōpeke pāmahana-tiketike i uru noa mai ki te whakamaroke makariri. Ko te kaupapa o te mahi i tēnei:

① Whakamahia te "whakamatao para" o te hau kōpeke maroke hei whakamatao i te hau kōpeke pāmahana teitei kua uru noa mai ki te whakamaroke makariri, kia whakaitihia ai te kawenga whakamatao o te whakamaroke makariri;

② Ārai i ngā raruraru tuarua pērā i te hauhautanga, te maturuturu, me te waikura i waho o te paipa o muri i puta mai i te hau kōpeke pāmahana iti maroke.

Te tukanga whakamatao:

Ka uru te hauhautanga hauhautanga ki te pūwero [4], ā, i muri i te pēhanga, ka piki ake te pēhanga (ka piki ake hoki te pāmahana), ā, ina teitei ake i te pēhanga i roto i te pūwero, ka tukuna te kohu hauhautanga pehanga teitei ki roto i te pūwero [6]. I roto i te pūwero, ka whakawhiti te kohu hauhautanga i te pāmahana me te pēhanga teitei ake i te wera ki te hau i te pāmahana iti iho (whakamatao hau) te wai whakamatao rānei (whakamatao wai), ā, ka whakamataohia te hauhautanga hauhautanga ki te āhua wai.

I tēnei wā, ka tomo te hauhautanga wai ki te whakawhiti wera Freon/hau (whakapūngao) [2] mā te ngongo kapia/tarere whakawhanui [8] hei whakaiti i te pēhanga (whakamatao) me te mimiti i te wera o te hau kōpeke i roto i te whakapūngao hei whakapūngao. Ko te mea hei whakamātao – ka whakamātaohia te hau kōpeke, ā, ka mimitihia te kohu hauhautanga kua whakapūngao e te pūngao hei tīmata i te huringa e whai ake nei.

Ka oti i te hau whakamatao te huringa mā roto i ngā tukanga e whā, arā, te pēhi, te whakatōtō, me te mimiti i roto i te pūnaha. Mā roto i ngā huringa whakamatao tonu, ka tutuki te kaupapa o te whakatio i te hau pēhi.
4 Ngā mahi a ia wāhanga
whakawhiti wera hau
Hei ārai i te wai mātotoru kei puta ki te pakitara o waho o te paipa o waho, ka puta te hau maroke-tio i te evaporator ka whakawhiti wera anō ki te hau pēhi pāmahana teitei, wera me te hau makuku i roto i te whakawhiti wera hau. I taua wā anō, ka tino heke te pāmahana o te hau e tomo ana ki te evaporator.

whakawhiti wera
Ka mimiti te hau whakamatao i te wera, ka whakawhanui i roto i te whakapūhau, ka huri mai i te āhua wai ki te āhua hau, ā, ka whakamataohia te hau kōpeke mā te whakawhiti wera, kia huri ai te mamaoa wai i roto i te hau kōpeke mai i te āhua hau ki te āhua wai.

wehewehe wai
Ka wehea te wai wai kua taunga mai i te hau kōpeke i roto i te wehewehe wai. Ka nui ake te whai huatanga o te wehewehenga o te wehewehe wai, ka iti ake te ōwehenga o te wai wai e hoki ana ki te hau kōpeke, ā, ka iti iho te ira tomairangi o te hau kōpeke.

pūwhakakoi
Ka tomo te hauhautanga hau ki te pūwhakamātao, ka pēhia kia huri hei hauhautanga pāmahana teitei, pēhanga teitei.

takirere taha
Ki te heke te pāmahana o te wai wai kua whakatōkia ki raro iho i te pūwāhi tio, ka āraia te hukapapa e te huka kua whakakōkītia. Ka taea e te takirere taha te whakahaere i te pāmahana pouaka whakamātao me te whakahaere i te pūwāhi tomairangi pēhanga i te pāmahana pumau (i waenga i te 1 me te 6°C).

whakapūmau

Ka whakaitihia te pāmahana o te pouaka whakamātao e te pūwhakamātao, ā, ka huri te pouaka whakamātao mai i te āhua hau pāmahana teitei ki te āhua wai pāmahana iti.

tātari
Ka tātari tōtika te tātari i ngā poke o te hauhautanga.

Takirere Āpiti/Whānui
I muri i te haerenga o te hau mātao i roto i te ngongo kapia/tarere whakawhanui, ka whānui tōna rōrahi, ka heke tōna pāmahana, ā, ka huri hei wai pāmahana iti, pēhanga iti.

Wehewehe hau-wai
I te mea ka puta he ru wai i te wā e tomo ana te hauhautanga wai ki te pūwero, ka kino pea te pūwero whakamatao, ka whakarite te wehewehe hau-wai o te hauhautanga kia noho ko te hauhautanga hau anake ka taea te tomo ki te pūwero whakamatao.

te waikeri aunoa
Ka ringihia e te rerenga wai aunoa te wai e kohia ana i raro i te wehewehe mai i te mīhini i ngā wā auau.

whakamaroke

He pai ngā painga o te whakamaroke pouaka whakamātao, arā, he hanganga kiato, he watea te whakamahinga me te tiaki, ā, he iti hoki ngā utu tiaki. He pai mō ngā wā kāore i te tino iti te pāmahana tomairangi o te pēhanga hau kōpeke (i runga ake i te 0°C).
Ka whakamahia e te whakamaroke mimiti he mea whakamaroke hei whakamaroke, hei tango hoki i te hau kōpeke e akiakihia ana kia rere. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā whakamaroke mimiti whakaora i ia rā.
● tātari
Ka wehea ngā tātari ki ngā tātari paipa matua, ngā wehewehe hau-wai, ngā tātari tango haunga waro whakahohe, ngā tātari whakahoromata mamaoa, me ētahi atu, ā, ko ā rātou mahi he tango i te hinu, te puehu, te makuku me ētahi atu poke i te hau kia whiwhi ai i te hau pēhi ma. Hau.