Te ariā me te mātāpono mahi o te pūwero hau tīwiri OSG

Te ariā me te mātāpono mahi o te pūwero hau tīwiri OSG

E mārama ana te Whakaaturanga Hangarau Hau Kōpeke, ahakoa kei te whai kaha te umanga pūngao hiko OSG i te whai huatanga o ngā taputapu, kua waiho te whakapai ake i te whakamahinga anō o te hiko mā te pūngao hiko OSG hei kaupapa matua mō te whakaora i te wera para. E ai ki ngā tatauranga mai i te Tari Pūngao o Amerika, i te wā e rere ana te pūngao hiko OSG, ko te pūngao hiko tuturu e pau ana hei whakanui ake i te pūngao kaha o te hau he wāhanga iti noa iho o te katoa o te hiko e pau ana i te pūngao hau, tata ki te 15%, ā, tata ki te 85% o te pūngao hiko ka hurihia hei. Ka tukuna te wera ki te hau mā te whakamatao hau, mā te whakamatao wai rānei. Ka tukuna tēnei wera "tāpiri" ki te hau, e kore e pā noa ki te taiao, engari ka whakanui ake i te "pānga whare kati kōtuhi" o te āhuarangi, ā, ka puta he parahanga "wera". I taua wā anō, ka moumouhia tēnei wera, ā, ka taea te whakahoki mai i te 80% o tēnei wera ngaro. Ka whakamahia, he rite ki te kaha o te rakau o te pūngao hiko OSG, tata ki te 60-70%.
Ko te pūāhua matua o te pūwero hau tīwiri OSG ko te wāhanga wai wera pūwero hau tīwiri OSG. He taputapu penapena hiko e whakamahi ana i te kaha wera hinu me te hau pāmahana teitei o te pūwero hau tīwiri OSG, ā, ka whakamahia katoatia te kaha wera mā te whakawhiti wera. Mā te whakawhiti hiko me te whakahaere penapena hiko, ka kohia e ia te kaha wera i puta i te wā e whakahaerehia ana te pūwero hau tīwiri OSG, ā, ka whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere o te pūwero hau. He taputapu penapena hiko e whakamahi ana i te wera para tino whai hua, ā, ka mahi kore utu.

Ko te pūtake o te pūngao wera he pēhi hau tīwiri werohanga-hinu, he pēhi hau tīwiri OSG tīwiri werohanga-hinu o tētahi hauhautanga pokapū, he wera para rānei mai i tētahi pokapū pūngao, i ētahi atu taputapu rānei i roto i tētahi umanga.
Mātāpono Whakahaere: Whakamahia te pūngao wera o te hinu me te hau pāmahana teitei i te wā e pēhi ana, ka whakawhiti i te pūngao wera ki te wai wera pāmahana noa mā te whakawhiti wera kia tutuki ai te whakamahinga pūngao wera. e ai ki te pikitia. Ka peia e te motuka te mīhini tīwiri kia huri, ka mimitihia te hau ki roto i te pūwero hau tīwiri OSG mā te tātari, ka pēhihia ki te hau pēhanga teitei, ka konatunatua ki te hinu e rere ana hei hanga i te ranunga hinu-hau pēhanga teitei me te pāmahana teitei, ka uru ki te wehewehe hinu-hau. I muri i te wehenga o te ranunga hinu-hau ki te hinu, te hau me te hau, ka whakamataohia te hau pēhi e te kaiwhakamatao muri ka tukuna ki te kaiwhakamahi; i te wā e wehea ana te hinu me te hau e rere ana i roto i te wehewehe hinu-hau, ka whakawhāitihia hei wai, kātahi ka whakamataohia e te kaiwhakamatao mua ka tātarihia e te tātari. , ka whakahokia ki te pūwero hau tīwiri OSG hei whakaoti i te tukanga huringa. Ka whakauruhia e te waeine wai wera wera pūwero hau tīwiri OSG te hinu e rere ana i te pāmahana teitei (me te hau pēhi pāmahana teitei) ki roto i te waeine wai wera wera. Ko te pūngao wera e puta mai ana i te wā e whakahaerehia ana te pēhi hau tīwiri OSG ka mimiti katoatia e te waeine wai wera wera, ā, ka whakamataohia te pēhi hau tīwiri OSG i taua wā anō.

I te wā e mahi tonu ana te pūwero hau tīwiri mō te wā roa, ka hurihia te pūngao hiko hei pūngao miihini, ā, ka hurihia te pūngao miihini hei pūngao wera. I te wā e huri ana i te pūngao miihini hei pūngao wera, ka pēhia te hau e te pēhanga teitei, ka piki tere te pāmahana. He tikanga ā-tinana noa tēnei. He āhuatanga hurihanga pūngao.

Ka puta hoki te waku me te wera i te hurihanga tere-teitei o te tīwiri miihini. Ka konatunatua te wera nui e puta ana ki te hinu whakahinuhinu o te pūwero hau tīwiri OSG ki roto i te mamaoa hinu/hau, ā, ka tukuna atu i te tinana. Ko te wera o tēnei hinu/hau pāmahana-teitei he rite ki te 1/1 o te mana whakauru o te pūwero hau. 4. Ko tōna pāmahana i te nuinga o te wā kei waenganui i te 80°C (hotoke) me te 100°C (raumati me te ngahuru). Nā te mea e hiahiatia ana e te pāmahana whakahaere o te mīhini, ka tukuna noatia tēnei kaha wera ki te āhuarangi, kāore he take, arā, mā te pūnaha whakamarara wera o te pūwero hau tīwiri OSG e whakaoti te mahi a te mīhini.

Ka taea te whakamahi i te pūngao wera i whakahokia mai i roto i te pūnaha whakaora wera o te pūwero hau tīwiri OSG i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha o te whakaputa me te hiahia wera o te whare:

Te whakakī anō me te whakamahana i te wai kōhua. Ko te nuinga o ngā ahumahi me ngā umanga e whakamahi ana i ngā kōhua ​​i roto i te tukanga whakaputa. Mā te whakamahi i te wera para o te pūwero hau tīwiri OSG kua whakahokia mai, ka taea te whakanui ake i te wai whāngai kōhua ​​mai i te pāmahana iti iho i mua i te urunga ki te kōhua, kātahi ka whakamahanahia e te kōhua ​​ki te pāmahana kua whakaritea. Ka taea e tēnei te whakaiti i ngā utu wahie i te wā e whakamahia ana te kōhua.

Ka whakamahia te wera (RO) mō te hanga wai parakore osmosis whakamuri. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā umanga kai me te inu, ngā ahumahi haurua-ira, ngā umanga rongoā me ngā ahumahi matū te nui o te wai parakore osmosis whakamuri i roto i ā rātou tukanga whakaputa. Me whakaputa te wai parakore i te pāmahana motuhake o te 25°C. Ina iti iho te pāmahana o te wai i te 25°C i te kōanga, te ngahuru me te takurua, me whakangao ngā taputapu me te wahie hei whakamahana i te wai. Mā te whakahoki mai i te wera para mai i te pūwero hau tīwiri OSG hei whakaputa wai parakore, ehara i te mea ka taea anake te whakaiti i te whakapaunga wahie, engari ka whakaiti anō hoki i te utu haumitanga o ngā taputapu whakamahana.
Whakamahia te wera mō te whakamahana. He maha ngā wāhi e hiahia ana ki te whakamahana i te takurua, ā, ko te nuinga o te wā ka tukuna mai tēnei wera e ngā kōhua. Ko te wera para o te pēhi hau tīwiri OSG ka hangarua inaianei mō te whakamahana, e kore e penapena noa i te whakapaunga pūngao, engari ka whakaitihia hoki te kaha tāuta o te kōhua, ā, ka whakaitihia anō te haumi ki ngā taputapu.

Ka whakamahia te wera hei whakamahana akomanga. Hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaputanga, me whakamahana te hau i ngā awheawhe paninga me ngā awheawhe rehu peita i roto i te umanga huihuinga hei whakarite i te pāmahana o te rūma whakamaroke me te tere ake te maroke o te peita.

Te wai wera mō te kaukau me te tuku wai wera pūkoro. Hei tauira, me tutuki i te awheawhe whakaputa ngā hiahia kaukau o ngā kaimahi i runga anō i ngā whakaritenga akuaku taiao a te kamupene, ā, ka hangarua te wera para o te pēhi hau tīwiri OSG hei whakamahana i te wai wera mō te kaukau, me ētahi atu.

I tua atu, i akohia hoki e te Whakaaturanga Hangarau Hau Kōpeke mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakaora wera para OSG, ngā papu wera pūtake wai rānei, ka taea te whakaheke i te pāmahana hinu OSG, te iti ake o te tūponotanga ki te pirau, te whakahinuhinu pai, te whakaiti i te pakaru o ngā taputapu, ā, ka taea te whakaroa i te hinu OSG. Te roa o te ora o te mīhini; ka whakamatao te hinu OSG hei whakanui ake i te matotoru, te hiri pai, te kaha momi nui, te whakaiti i te turuturu, me te tere whakaputa hau; kāore te pāmahana OSG i te teitei, ā, ka taea te uta tonu i te kawenga katoa, ka whakaiti i te maha o ngā tīmatanga o te mīhini kawenga māmā tae atu ki te ≥25%; ina heke te rūma OSG ki te pāmahana taiao i te wā e mahi ana, ka taea te whakamutu me te tīmata i te pā whakamatao o runga me te pā hau putanga o te rūma mīhini; ka whakaitihia te kawenga tukatuka o ngā taputapu tukatuka-muri mā te 20% hei whakapai ake i te pānga maimoatanga; ka whakamahia ngā wera para katoa o te OSG hei hanga wai wera, kāore he hau wera para e tukuna ana, ka tino whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao mō te whakarite wai wera.