Ngā Mātāpono opēhi hau tīwirikōwhiringa
Hei wāhi nui mō te tuku hiko i roto i te hanga ahumahi, me whiriwhiri ngā pēhanga hau tīwiri i runga i ngā mātāpono o te haumaru, te pono, te ōhanga, te whai huatanga, me te iti o ngā utu tāutanga me te tiaki kia taea ai e rātou te mahi whakaputa me te haumaru, te pumau, me te whai hua.
Tuatahi, kia rite ki te pēhanga hau me te rere o te hau e hiahiatia ana e te kaiwhakamahi, tīpakohia he pūwero hau tīwiri me te hanganga e tika ana. Ko te mahi miihini pai (he iti te wiri me te iti o te haruru) i te wā e mahi ana te pūwero hau tīwiri, he pai te urutau i raro i ngā āhuatanga mahi rerekē, me te mahi pumau mo te wa roa koia te kaupapa mo te kōwhiringa pūwero hau tīwiri; tuarua, ko te whai huatanga ōhanga o te mahi pūnaha pūwero hau tīwiri me waiho hei tohu nui mo te kōwhiringa pūwero hau tīwiri, tae atu ki ngā tohu whānui pēnei i te whakapaunga hiko kotahi (kwh/km3) te whakapaunga mamaoa kotahi rānei (t/km3) o te mahi pūwero hau tīwiri, te kounga me te whakapaunga wai o te wai whakamatao e hiahiatia ana e te pūwero hau tīwiri (t/km3), me te painga wera para o te pūwero hau tīwiri; hei tāpiri, ko te whiriwhiri i ngā tawhā hangarau pūwero hau tīwiri e tika ana (te rahinga putanga, te pēhanga putanga) ko te kaupapa matua mo te taea e te pūwero hau tīwiri te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia whakaputa me te taea hoki te whakahaere ōhanga; hei whakamutunga, ko ngā utu tāutanga me te tiaki o te pūwero hau tīwiri me waiho hei tohu mo te kōwhiringa pūwero hau tīwiri, me ngana ki te whiriwhiri i tētahi pūwero hau tīwiri he ngāwari te tāutanga me te iti o ngā utu tiaki.
Te kōwhiringa ongā pūwero hau tīwirime kōrero ki ngā tukanga e whai ake nei:
(1) Rangahauhia ngā hiahia o te kaiwhakamahi (te pēhanga hau, te rere o te hau, te pāmahana hau, te haumākū hau, me ētahi atu mea e hiahiatia ana e te kaiwhakamahi);
(2) Tātaihia te ātete i waenga i te putanga hau o te pūwhakakoi hau tīwiri me te pūwāhi kaiwhakamahi;
(3) Whakatauhia te pēhanga putanga kua whakatauria o te pūwero hau tīwiri (ka taea te tatau i te pēhanga putanga kua whakatauria o te waeine kia rite ki te 1.1 ngā wā o ngā raraunga ariā), te rōrahi putanga, te pāmahana putanga o te pūwero hau tīwiri i muri i te taputapu tukatuka-muri, me ētahi atu;
(4) E ai ki ngā whakaritenga o te mahi aunoa o te waeine, tīpakohia ngā pūnaha whakahaere hiko me ngā pūnaha whakahaere aunoa e tika ana;
(5) Tuhia ngā whakaritenga hangarau o te pūwero hau tīwiri hei whakarite mō te hoko;
(6) Whakahaerehia ngā tirotiro i te papaanga o ngā kaihanga me ngā kaiwhakamahi o te pūwero hau tīwiri kia mārama ai ki te taumata whakaputa a te kaihanga me te kaha whakaputa, me te mārama hoki ki ngā urupare tūturu a ngā kaiwhakamahi o te pūwero hau tīwiri;
(7) Whakahaerehia te tuku tono mō te hoko i te pūwero hau tīwiri, te whakatakoto i ngā paerewa whakatauranga whaitake, me te whiriwhiri i ngā waeine pūwero hau tīwiri he nui te utu mā te tuku tono;
(8) Whai muri i te hainatanga o te kirimana taputapu, me whakahaere he hononga tuhinga hangarau kanohi ki te kanohi me te kaiwhakarato pūwero hau tīwiri hei hanga i tētahi whakaaetanga hangarau pūwero hau tīwiri hei tāpiritanga ki te kirimana.
3. Ngā raruraru noa me ngā whakaaro mō te whiriwhiri i te pūwero hau tīwiri
1. Ko te kore mārama ki te mahi hanganga o ngā momo pēhi hau tīwiri rerekē ka arahi ki te kōwhiringa pēhi hau tīwiri kāore i te tika, ka pā tika ki te mahi ōhanga o te pēhi hau tīwiri i muri mai.
I te nuinga o te wā, ka piki ake te kaha e pau ana i ngā mīhini tohanga maha-tuaka, ngā mīhini rere tuaka, ngā mīhini tohanga tuaka kotahi noa, ngā mīhini tīwiri, me ngā pēhi hau tīwiri momo-mono. Hei tauira, i roto i te umanga whakapūkara koiora, ko te pēhanga hau (pēhanga tino) e hiahiatia ana i waenga i te 0.30MPa-0.40MPa. Mō ngā pēhi hau tīwiri neke atu i te 1200Nm3/min, he pai ake te whiriwhiri i ngā pēhi hau tīwiri rere tuaka, i ngā wae tohanga maha-tuaka rānei, he pai ake te ōhanga whakahaere me te iti o ngā utu tiaki; mō ngā pēhi hau tīwiri rere tuaka me ngā mata stator ka taea te whakarite, ko te painga he whānui te whānuitanga o ngā tikanga mahi ka taea te whakarite, ā, ko tōna rohe mahi tino pai he mata piko. Ka taea e te wae te whakarite kia noho tonu te wae i te wāhi mahi ōhanga pai rawa atu i raro i ngā kawenga rerekē. Mō te hau taputapu me te iti o te tono hau, ko te pēhanga hau (pēhanga tino) i waenga i te 0.5-0.8MPa. Ko ngā pēhi hau tīwiri te mea e whiriwhiria ana i te nuinga o te wā hei utu mō ngā pēhi hau tīwiri piston nā te mea he pai ngā pēhi hau tīwiri tīwiri mō te hanganga kiato, he iti ake ngā wāhanga e mau ana, he pumau te mahi, ā, he pai te ohanga ki te whakaritea ki ngā pēhi hau tīwiri piston.
2. Nā te koretake o te whiriwhiringa o ngā tawhā o te pūwero hau tīwiri, kāore e taea e te pūwero hau tīwiri te mahi i te wāhi mahi tino pai, ā, ka heke te whai huatanga ōhanga o te mahi a te waeine.
Mō te pūwerongā pūwero hau tīwiri, ko te pēhanga me te rere kua tohua ki te pereti ingoa ko ngā wāhi whakahaere me te tino pai o te mahi a te pūwero hau tīwiri. Ki te wehe atu i tēnei wāhi whakahaere, he koretake te mahi a te pūwero hau tīwiri. I roto i te mahi tūturu, nā te koretake o te mārama ki te pēhanga i te wāhi tono hau, me te aromatawai i te ātete tuku hau mai i te putanga o te pūwero hau tīwiri ki te kaiwhakamahi, mō ngā take haumaru, he maha ngā wā ka tino teitei te aromatawai i te pēhanga putanga me te rahinga putanga o te pūwero hau tīwiri i te wā e tuhi ana i ngā tuhinga tono pūwero hau tīwiri, ka hua ake he rerekētanga nui i waenga i ngā raraunga whakahaere tūturu me te uara hoahoa o te waeine. Hei tauira, i tono tetahi kamupene i tētahi pūwero hau tīwiri me te pēhanga putanga kua whakatauria (pēhanga tino) o te 0.4MPa, engari i roto i te mahi tūturu, ko te pēhanga putanga o te pūwero hau tīwiri he tata ki te 0.31MPa anake, ā, he teitei te whakamahinga hiko o te waeine. Nō reira, i te wā e whakatau ana i ngā tawhā hangarau o tētahi pūwero hau tīwiri hou, me kimi te pēhanga i te wāhi whakamahi hau me te tatau i te ātete rere hau kia tino rite ai ngā tawhā hoahoa o te pūwero hau tīwiri ki te mahi tūturu. Mā tēnei anake ka taea e te pēhi hau tīwiri kua tīpakohia te whakaatu i tōna whai huatanga mahi.
3. He uaua ngā āhuatanga tūmatanui mō te hoahoa o ngā pūwero hau tīwiri, ā, ka pā tēnei ki te haumaru me te ōhanga o te mahi a ngā pūwero hau tīwiri.
Hei tauira, i hokona e tētahi kamupene tētahi pūwero hau tīwiri o tāwāhi me te tere rere o te 855m3/min i ngā tau maha kua pahure ake nei, ā, ko te pēhanga putanga (pēhanga tino) o te waeine he 0.33MPa. Ko ngā tikanga tūmatanui mō te hoahoa o te pūwero hau tīwiri e hiahia ana kia 5°C te pāmahana wai whakamatao o te whakamatao i waenga i ngā wāhanga. I te wā e mahi ana, he maha ngā wā ka teitei ake te pāmahana wai whakamatao i tēnei pāmahana, ka hua ake he pāmahana urunga hau tuarua teitei o te pūwero hau tīwiri me te hekenga o te whai huatanga o te waeine. Ina whakamahia te wai 5°C, he nui te utu o te wai matao 5°C, ka hua ake he utu nui mō te tuku hau mō te pūwero hau tīwiri, ā, kāore e taea e te waeine te mahi mō te wā roa. Hei whakarite i te mahi ōhanga o te pūnaha pūwero hau tīwiri, i te wā e hoahoa ana i te pūwero hau tīwiri, me whakarato e ngā kaiwhakamahi ngā raraunga pūnaha tūmatanui e rite ana ki te wāhi.
4. Kāore i te tika te hoahoa me te tāutanga o te taputapu tukatuka muri o te pēhi hau tīwiri, ka piki ake te ātete hau, ka piki ake te pēhanga putanga o te pēhi hau tīwiri, ā, ka piki ake te whakapaunga hiko o te waeine.
Ka hokona motuhaketia e ētahi kaiwhakamahi te tinana o te pēhi hau tīwiri me te taputapu tukatuka-muri. Mēnā kāore i te rawaka te kaha hoahoa o te kaihanga taputapu tukatuka-muri, ā, ko te pānga whakamatao me te utu whakaputa o te hau anake ka whakaarohia, ka piki ake te maha o ngā tara ngongo whakawhiti wera i roto i te wāhi ipu iti, ka hua ake he aukati i te rere o te hau. I taua wā anō, mai i te putanga o te pēhi hau tīwiri ki te hau e tomo ana ki te paipa matua o te hau, ka piki ake te ātete o te rere o te hau mā te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā tuke, ā, mā te whakaiti i te maha o ngā tuke ka taea te whakaiti i te ātete o te hau; hei tāpiri, mō ngā taputapu tukatuka-muri pēhi hau tīwiri rere-rahi, mēnā ka taea e te wāhi kei te papa, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā huinga taputapu e rua i roto i te mahi whakarara, ka taea te whakaiti i te ātete o te rere o te hau. E taunaki ana te kaituhi kia hoahoatia, kia whakaratohia hoki e te kaihanga pēhi hau tīwiri te taputapu tukatuka-muri pēhi hau tīwiri me ngā hononga paipa kia whakarite ai i te mahi ōhanga me te pumau o muri mai o te pūnaha pēhi hau tīwiri.
Wā tuku: Akuhata-08-2024
