Te whakarōpūtanga me te whakataurite i ngā hua o te pupuhi
Ko te pupuhi e pā ana ki te pā hau, ko te pēhanga putanga katoa he 30-200kPa i raro i ngā tikanga hoahoa. E ai ki ngā hanganga me ngā mātāpono mahi rerekē, ka wehea ngā pupuhi ki te nekenga pai me te tāpine. Ka pēhi, ka kawe hoki ngā pupuhi nekenga pai i te hau mā te whakarerekē i te rōrahi o te hau, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko ngā pupuhi Roots me ngā pupuhi tīwiri; ka pēhi, ka kawe hoki ngā pupuhi tāpine i te hau mā roto i ngā mata hurihuri, tae atu ki te rere tohanga me te rere axial. I tēnei wā, ko ngā mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te pupuhi Roots me te pupuhi tohanga.
Ko te pupuhi pūwero he mea hanga i te nuinga o te wā mai i te impeller, te volute, te motuka, te kaitahuri auau, te peera, te pūnaha whakahaere, me te pouaka, ko te impeller, te motuka, me te peera ngā wāhanga matua. Ki te whakatauritea ki te pupuhi Roots, he whānui ake te whānuitanga o te whiringa o te pupuhi pūwero i runga i te pēhanga whakanui me ngā tawhā rere, ā, he āhuatanga o te pai o te mahi, te iti o te haruru, me te mahi pumau. I roto i te umanga matū me ngā mara tiaki taiao hou pēnei i te maimoatanga paru, te whakaora wera para, te desulfurization me te denitrification. Ko ngā pupuhi pūwero ko ngā pupuhi pūwero kotahi-wāhanga tuku iho, ngā pupuhi pūwero maha-wāhanga, ngā pupuhi pūwero hau whakatārewatanga me ngā pupuhi pūwero whakatārewatanga aukume e tohu ana i te hangarau matatau i roto i te umanga.
He uaua ngā hanganga o ngā pupuhi pūwero kotahi-wāhanga me ngā pupuhi maha-wāhanga tuku iho, he nui ngā reiti rahunga, he nui ngā mahi tiaki me ngā utu tiaki teitei, ā, he ngāwari ki te turuturu te hinu me te hinu whakahinuhinu, ka puta te parahanga taiao me te hau pēhanga.
Ka whakamahia e te pūwero pūwero aukume te hangarau whēra aukume, e whakaora ana i te pouaka taputapu uaua me te whēra hinuhinu e hiahiatia ana mō te pūwero tuku iho, ā, kāore he hinu whakahinuhinu, kāore hoki he tiaki miihini, e whakaiti ana i te utu tiaki a te kaiwhakamahi i muri mai. He uaua ake te pūnaha whakahaere whēra aukume. He nui te ihirangi hangarau o te hua, ā, he roa te ora ratonga.
Ko ngā peera whakatārewatanga hau he peera e whakamahi ana i te hau hei hinu whakahinuhinu. He iti te matotoru o te hau hei hinu whakahinuhinu, ā, he pumau ake ōna āhuatanga matū i ngā wai i roto i te whānuitanga o te pāmahana. Ko ngā taputapu e hiahiatia ana hei pēhi me te tango i te hinu whakahinuhinu wai, he māmā ake te hanganga peera, he iti ake te utu peera, ā, he painga ki te whakaiti i te wiri, te whakaiti i te haruru me te pupuri i te reo kōpeke kia kore e poke. Kua whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te umanga pupuhi i ngā tau tata nei. Ko te pupuhi tohanga whakatārewatanga hau e whakamahi ana i ngā peera hau, te hangarau hononga tika, ngā impeller tino pai, ngā motuka tere-teitei, kāore he waku tāpiri, tata kore he wiri, kāore he turanga tāutanga motuhake e hiahiatia ana, ā, he māmā, he ngāwari hoki te tahora tāutanga.
Kaupapahere Ahumahi Pūwero
He mīhini whānui ngā pupuhi, ā, ko te whanaketanga o te umanga he mea awe, he mea tautoko hoki e ngā kaupapa here hanga taputapu ā-motu. I taua wā anō, i raro i te whakatairanga kaha o te whenua i te hanga matomato, te tiaki pūngao me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga, ka waiho ngā hua pupuhi tino whai hua hei arotahi mō te whanaketanga ā muri ake nei. Ko ngā kaupapa here matua o te umanga o nāianei e whai ake nei:
Tirohanga Whānui me ngā Auahatanga o te Ahumahi Pūwero
(1) Tirohanga whānui mō te whanaketanga o te umanga pupuhi
I tīmata te hanga pūwero o tōku whenua i te tekau tau atu i 1950. I tēnei wā, he tauira noa iho o ngā hua o tāwāhi; i te tekau tau atu i 1980, ka tīmata ngā kaihanga pūwero nui o tōku whenua ki te whakatinana i ngā hoahoa honohono paerewa, raupapa, me te whānui, ā, i tino whakapai ake i te hoahoa me te taumata hanga whānui. I whakawhanakehia he hua pūwero tohanga e tika ana mō ngā hiahia o taua wā.
I ngā tau 1990, i haere tonu ngā kaihanga pūwero nui o te motu ki te whakauru i ngā hangarau whakaputa matatau o tāwāhi i runga i te mahi tahi me ngā kamupene o tāwāhi. Nā te nakunaku, te mimiti me te whakamātautau whakaputa, kua tino pai ake te taumata R&D me te hanga o ngā pūwero Roots i tōku whenua, ā, kua whakauruhia hoki te pūwero centrifugal i te tuatahi. Ngā āheinga hoahoa me te hanga; kei te tere te whakapai ake i te taumata hangarau whānui o te umanga pūwero, ka taea e ngā pūwero o te motu te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te hanga ahumahi o tōku whenua, me te whakakapi haere i ngā kawemai.
I muri i te tau 2000, i piki ake te putanga katoa o te umanga pupuhi o tōku whenua, ā, ka tīmata te kaweake i ngā hua pēnei i ngā pupuhi Roots ki ngā whenua me ngā rohe maha. I te tau 2018, tata ki te 58,000 ngā waeine o te putanga o te umanga pupuhi o tōku whenua, he pikinga tau-ki-te-tau o te 11.9%. I roto i ēnei, ko te wahanga mākete o ngā pupuhi Roots e 93%, ā, ko te wahanga mākete o ngā pupuhi centrifugal e 7%.
Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā kamupene matua o tāwāhi, i tīmata tōmuri te hanga o ngā hua pupuhi o tōku whenua. Nā te tere o te tipu o te ōhanga o roto, kei te piki haere te hiahia mō te umanga pupuhi. E ai ki ngā tatauranga mai i Compressor.com, ko te rahi o te mākete pupuhi o roto i te tau 2019 he tata ki te 2.7 piriona yuan. Ā tōna wā, nā te tere o te whanaketanga o ngā mara tono o raro pērā i te hiko me te maimoatanga paru, ka piki ake te hiahia mō ngā pupuhi. E matapaetia ana ka mau tonu te tere tipu o te mākete pupuhi i te 5%-7% i roto i ngā tau e toru e whai ake nei.
(2) Te Auahatanga Whanaketanga o te Ahumahi Pūwero
① Whai Huatanga
I ngā tau tata nei, me te whanaketanga o te ahumahi hanga whare teitei, atamai, me te matomato, kua aro ētahi kamupene pupuhi ki ngā āhuatanga uaua o te tiaki pūngao me te whakaiti i te whakamahinga e aukati ana i te whanaketanga o te umanga. Kua tutuki tonu ngā hua o ngā kamupene pupuhi nui i roto i te tūhuratanga me te auahatanga o ngā hangarau ahumahi hou e penapena pūngao ana me te tiaki taiao. Heoi, ko te nuinga o ngā kamupene pupuhi iti me te rahi-rahi kei te noho tonu ki te mara o ngā hua iti-tāpiri, kua waiho hei tetahi o ngā āhuatanga uaua o te whanaketanga o te umanga pupuhi. Ko te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga me te whakaiti i te whakamahinga pūngao ko ngā huarahi whanaketanga kore e taea te karo o ngā pupuhi.
② Te whakaiti tere-rahi
Mā te whakanui ake i te tere hurihuri ka taea te whakatairanga i te whakaitiiti o te pupuhi, me te whakatutuki i ngā hua o te whakaiti i te rōrahi me te taumaha me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga. Heoi, ko te whakanui ake i te tere o te impeller he nui ake ngā whakaritenga mō te rauemi o te impeller, te pūnaha hiri, te pūnaha whāriki me te pumau o te rotor o te pupuhi, he raruraru tēnei me ako me te whakatau i roto i te whanaketanga o te pupuhi.
③Hau iti te haruru
Ko te haruru o te pū pupuhi he haruru ā-rangi te nuinga, ā, he nui te raruraru haruru o te pū pupuhi nui. He iti tōna tere, he iti te auau haruru, ā, he roa te roangaru, nō reira he uaua ki te aukati me te whakakore. I tēnei wā, kei te hohonu haere tonu te rangahau mō te whakaiti haruru me te whakaiti haruru o ngā pū pupuhi, pērā i te hoahoa o ngā momo āhua tuyere o te anga, te whakamahinga o te whakaiti haruru rere whakamuri, te whakaiti haruru orooro, me ētahi atu.
④ Atamai
I te whānui haere tonu o te tauine o ngā momo taputapu ahumahi ā-rohe, kua whanakehia ngā whakaritenga mō te whakahaere tukanga whakaputa mai i te whakahaere tawhā āhua mahi kotahi ki te whakahaere tawhā āhua mahi maha kia pai ake ai te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te tukanga whakaputa. Ka taea te whakahaere pai i ngā tawhā whakahaere o te pupuhi mā te whakamahi i te PLC, te rorohiko iti maramara kotahi, te PC rānei, ā, ka taea te whakarite aunoa i ngā tawhā whakahaere o te pupuhi i te wā tūturu kia rite ki te huringa o ngā tawhā āhua mahi kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga o te tukanga, me te pēhanga, te pāmahana, te wiri, me ētahi atu. Mā te aroturuki tawhā ka tiakina te mahi haumaru o te pā.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-24-2023
